Rubi Nabs Government Grant Worth Nearly $1M to Scale Carbon-to-Cellulose Platform

Rubi Laboratories and the National Science Foundation (NSF) are entering the next phase of scaling symbiotic manufacturing.

The San Francisco startup turning carbon emissions into enzyme-powered, biochemical-based textiles was granted nearly $1 million by the NSF—an award given to less than 5 percent of Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) applicants over the past decade.

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In recognition of Rubi’s advancements in CO2-to-materials technology, the $969,961 will support the Global Change Award winner’s journey to commercialization as it develops and grows its carbon-to-cellulose platform.

The NSF Phase II award builds on the previous successful NSF Phase I grant completion in 2023, which saw Rubi advance “multi-enzyme cascade design and enzyme stabilization” for carbon-to-cellulose production. Since then, Time’s Top Greentech Company raised $8.7 million in a seed funding round co-led by Patagonia’s venture capital arm, Tin Shed Ventures, and the H&M Group. Strategic pilot partnerships with the likes of Ganni and Reformation, as well as a series of pilot projects in collaboration with Walmart, followed suit.

“This award is a testament to Rubi’s vision for a symbiotic manufacturing future and our ambition to lead the next era of sustainable industry,” said Neeka Mashouf, Rubi’s co-founder and CEO. “As we move into 2025, this grant will accelerate our efforts to scale CO2-derived, low-carbon cellulose for the textile industry, ultimately allowing us to transform environmental challenges into opportunities, bridge our proven science with existing supply chains, and set a new standard for decoupling industrial growth from environmental degradation.”

Here’s how it works: Rubi’s proprietary technology functions like an enzymatic conveyor belt. That assembly line turns simple 1-carbon molecules (like carbon dioxide or methane) into more complex carbohydrate polymers (like cellulose). These 1-carbon molecules are likely being used as raw materials for their enzyme process to build more complex substances.

Interior view of the Rubi laboratory, showcasing numerous tables and chairs designed for scientific work and teamwork.
Rubi’s solution is novel because it can use a 1-carbon feedstock and make complex polymers like cellulose in a reactor system.

Traditional methods like fermentation and chemical catalysis are typically expensive, time-consuming and resource-intensive. What makes Rubi’s proprietary process noteworthy is its cell-free enzymatic platform. By using enzymes directly—no need for living cells like bacteria, algae or yeast—Rubi dodges a handful of the inefficiencies and limitations encountered when using the incumbent techniques. This allows for faster, cheaper, and cleaner production of cellulose and other polymers from simple 1-carbon inputs. Furthermore, this method yields three times more product than fermentation and uses fewer resources than chemical catalysis. Plus, it’s 10 times cheaper to set up.