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In response to customer requirements, we continue to increase our capacity of self-built cabinet. During the quarter, we added around 250 cabinets to our network, ending 2018, with a total of 30,654 cabinets. Further, as we just announced we have observed an increase in demand for geographic expansion beyond the existing Tier 1 cities. We are excited to extend our geographic footprint, to Chengdu, a core network hub of Southwest China. This is our first acquisition since 2014 and it will add over 500 cabinets to our sales pipeline.

A broader cabinet network nationwide will also help our planned expansion into the wholesale business at the opportune time. We are gauging interest in the market and are currently working on details with potential customers. Although this takes longer than we originally expected, we maintain optimistic on reaching a milestone wholesale agreement this year.

Our non-IDC business continued to grow in 2018. We expanded our evergreen (ph) cooperation agreement with Microsoft and we agreed to introduce Air Effect (ph) to China in 2019. We also launched Cloud Landing in China. As of year-end 2018, we had offered 25 cloud solutions and the features to international SaaS Companies. Going forward, we will keep exploring new opportunities that can reinforce our core competency as the partner of choice for international SaaS players.

Finally, on the VPN front, our subsidiary DYX joined the first batch of companies on the government's compliance whitelist. As a result, we are witnessing a gradual recovery of customer inquiries and orders. Going into 2019, despite macro headwinds, we remain optimistic about conquer technical nature of our business. On policy side, the government has introduced stricter requirements on data center power usage efficiency. This will increase entry barriers to the industry and a need to more attractive industry consolidation.

We believe this is generally beneficial for market leader like 21Vianet. We believe our strong brand, reliable operating capability, help leverage visual and flexible financing channels. Therefore, we are well positioned to compete under government's quota and expand our capacity in key geographic markets. With further insight in secured pipeline resources and our execution capability, we are guiding up our 2019 capacity expansion plan to a range of 5,000 to 7000 cabinets, mostly in Beijing and Shanghai. These updates range includes our recent addition in Chengdu, but exclude potential wholesale projects and M&A.

We strive to maintain a delicate balance of capacity expansion with cabinet utilization. At the same time, we prudently assess any potential risks and try to cushion any events beyond our control. In our 20 years' experience, we have seen that customers restructuring and merge an acquisition are inevitable and outside of our control. For example in early 2019 a major customer of ours decided to terminate its contract with us and move its cabinet's capacity to be host by its new parent company. We respect our customers' decision and will cooperate with the move out.

We have been working diligently to reallocate the inventory cabinets. Although we believe the location and the quality of these cabinets are attractive to existing and new customers, ramping up those cabinets will take some time. Therefore, we believe our utilization, topline and bottom line in the first half for 2019, we would likely experience certain pressure. However, we believe that such pressure will gradually dissipates as we deliver and sell more cabinets throughout 2019.

With that I will hand the call to Sharon Liu, CFO of our Company to give you more details on our financial results.

Sharon Liu -- Chief Financial Officer

Thank you, and hello everyone. Before we start our detailed financial discussion, please note that we will present non-GAAP matters today. Our non-GAAP results exclude certain non-cash expenses, which are not part of our core operations. The details of these expenses may be found in the reconciliation tables included in our press release. Please note that, all of the financial numbers we are presenting today, are in RMB terms and that percentage changes are on a year-over-year basis, unless otherwise stated.

We concluded 2018 with solid revenue growth, margin expansion, positive cash flow and strong balance sheet, propelled by strong first quarter results. Such achievements showcase our business viability and operational efficiency. For the first quarter, we grew our revenue by 17.8% year-over-year to RMB901.9 million, exceeding the high end of our previous guidance range. This growth was mainly driven by gradually increasing demand for high-power density cabinets and value-added services.

Under operating metrics, hosting MRR per cabinet rose to RMB8,457 in the first quarter of 2018. The total cabinet under management increased to 30,654 at the end of 2018. Among the total 25,711 cabinets or 84% are self-built and 4,943 cabinet or 16% are partnered. Utilization rate in the first quarter fell slightly to 17.3%, due to cabinet increase in the third quarter and first quarter.

Adjusted cash gross profit, which excludes depreciation, amortization and share-based compensation expenses increased by 27.9% to RMB409.2 million from RMB320.1 million in the same period of 2017. Adjusted cash gross margin expanded by 3.6 percentage points to 45.4% from 41.8% in the same period of 2017, mainly due to the increasing number of higher-margin self-built cabinets in our sales mix and a greater economy of scale.

Adjusted operating expenses, which exclude share-based compensation expenses and changes in the fair value of contingent purchase consideration payable, decreased slightly to RMB172.4 million from RMB173.2 million in the same period of 2017. As a percentage of net revenues, adjusted operating expenses decreased by 3.5 percentage point to 19.1% from 22.6% in the same period of 2017. Adjusted EBITDA grew by 49.3% year-over-year to RMB255.3 million close to the high end of our previous guidance range.

Adjusted EBITDA margin increased to by 6 percentage point to 28.3% from 22.3% in the first quarter of 2017. Net loss attributable to the ordinary shares was RMB114.1 million. Basic and diluted loss per ordinary share were RMB0.17 and per ADS were RMB1.02. Each ADS represents 6 ordinary shares. For the full year of 2018, our hosting and related service business revenue grew by 14.3% to RMB3.4 billion. Adjusted EBITDA increased by 36.8% to RMB917.7 million. Adjusted EBITDA margin expanded by 4.5 percentage point to 27% from 22.5% in 2017.

Our solid results contribute to strong cash and healthy balance sheet. We generated a positive net operating cash flow from -- of RMB237 million during the first quarter. For the full year, net operating cash flow reached RMB705 million as compared to RMB497.2 million in 2017. As of December 31, 2018, we maintain a sizable cash position of RMB2.91 billion with debt-to-asset ratio of 51.9% as of year-end and the debt-to-adjusted EBITDA ratio of 4.1 times for the full year, well positioned to moderately lever up to support future growth.

Before I giving guidance, I'd like to echo Alvin's point that we remain positive on the growth outlook of the IDC market, as customer demands for cabinet are growing in both scale and its geographical coverage. The recent contract termination of a major client, brings certain pressure on our revenue and EBITDA, especially during the first half of 2019. However our sales team will work rigorously to reallocate those vacant cabinets in the -- in a timely manner. That said, the uncertainty of our financial numbers, has been reflected in our guidance.

For the first quarter of 2019, we expect net revenue in the range of RMB860 million to RMB880 million and adjusted EBITDA in the range of RMB230 million to RMB250 million. For the full year of 2019, we expected net revenues in the range of RMB3.76 billion to RMB3.86 billion and adjusted EBITDA in the range of RMB1 billion to RMB1.1 billion. The midpoint of our guidance ranges indicate year-over-year increase of 12% in revenue and 14% in adjusted EBITDA respectively. The capital expenditure for full year 2019 is expected to be in the range of RMB700 million to RMB900 million. This forecast reflects our current and the preliminary views on the market and operational conditions, which are subject to change.

This concludes our prepared remarks for today. Operator, we're now ready to take questions.

Questions and Answers:

Operator

Ladies and gentlemen, we will now begin the question-and-answer session. (Operator Instructions) We have our first question from Rex Wu from Jefferies. Please ask.

Rex Wu -- Jefferies & Co. -- Analyst

Thank you for taking my question. So my first question is, do we have like more clients move-outs-- potentially moving out like have the similar reason as the one you just mentioned. Thank you. Hello?

Shiqi Wang -- Chief Executive Officer and President

(Technical Difficulty) at this moment we don't expect major kind of impact on our revenue except the key customer, we mentioned today in the first and second quarter in 2019. Thank you.

Rex Wu -- Jefferies & Co. -- Analyst

Okay, thank you. So my second question is about the wholesale pipeline. So do you have more customer engagement or can you give more updates on the current projects you mentioned during the remark. Thank you.

Shiqi Wang -- Chief Executive Officer and President

Actually as we presented to in our prepared remarks that currently we are engaging with several top customers in Mainland China. At this moment, we feel very optimistic to grow at least one deal in this 2019. Thank you.

Rex Wu -- Jefferies & Co. -- Analyst

Okay, thank you.

Operator

Your next question is from Yang Liu from Morgan Stanley. Please ask.

Yang Liu -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

Thanks for the opportunity to ask questions. I have three questions. The first one regarding the M&A project in Chengdu. Could management team disclose some valuation multiple for that deal or the project IRR, for this case. And the second question is, we saw the MRR delivered around 9% year-on-year increase, which looks pretty impressive. Is this due to the more value-added service or mix change or do you have any visibility on when the tight supply in Tier 1 cities start to add to your bargaining power.

The third question is regarding the Temasek filing, it seems that market worry a lot about this issue last Friday. Could you please help to update the current status of 21Vianet and Temasek. Thank you.

Sharon Liu -- Chief Financial Officer

(Technical Difficulty) I will make some comment on this issue. To your question on this, (Technical Difficulty) related to our IMR (Technical Difficulty) award during Q4 (Technical Difficulty)

Shiqi Wang -- Chief Executive Officer and President

Hi, it's Alvin here. Regarding the Temasek question, that, actually we do have a very good communication and relationship with Temasek and the specialty their GMP (ph) team and as we have very good conversation these days. And also we understand that this termination of their IRR, Invest Rights Agreement didn't indicate any shareholding change plan. Thank you.

Yang Liu -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

Thank you.

Operator

Your next question is from Stella Li from Citigroup. Please ask.

Stella Li -- Citi -- Analyst

Hi, I have some questions. We have a US dollar bond that's putable later this year. Do we have any refinancing plan for that one. The second question is, I see the revenue expectation for first quarter 2019, it's slightly lower than the revenue in fourth quarter of 2018. Just wonder is there any particular reasons for this. And also, third question is to you, what's your CapEx guidance for 2019 and what's the major usage? Thank you.

Sharon Liu -- Chief Financial Officer

I will take your first (Technical Difficulty)

Stella Li -- Citi -- Analyst

Hello?

Sharon Liu -- Chief Financial Officer

(Technical Difficulty) Can you hear me clearly?

Stella Li -- Citi -- Analyst

No, the line's breaking. I can't hear anything, sorry. Can you repeat?

Sharon Liu -- Chief Financial Officer

Okay, can you hear me?

Stella Li -- Citi -- Analyst

Getting better.

Sharon Liu -- Chief Financial Officer

Okay. Okay. Currently, the company has sufficient cash on hand to service the put option. Depending on the market conditions and the company's overall financial capacity we may also consider financing activities to refinance our existing debt. We have no detailed plan and timetable at this moment.

Stella Li -- Citi -- Analyst

Okay. I hear you.

Sharon Liu -- Chief Financial Officer

Regarding your question related to the CapEx guidance, our 2019 CapEx guidance is from RMB700 million to RMB900 million for around 5,000 to 7000 cabinets. The CapEx, including the construction cost and the equipment cost as well as the land and building purchase consideration for our Shanghai Pingxiang (ph) projects. Thank you.

Stella Li -- Citi -- Analyst

Sure. And the revenue guidance?

Sharon Liu -- Chief Financial Officer

I am sorry, the revenue guidance, one reason is that, as Alvin and I mentioned in the remarks, one of our major customer terminate a contract with us and the major customer represented over 2% of our total revenue. That's the major reason for our guidance. Another reason is that certain of our major customers during Q4, they made promotion during Q4, and that promotion will not be occurred in Q1. Thank you.

Stella Li -- Citi -- Analyst

Thank you. A follow-up question, I didn't hear clearly when you mentioned about it. So what's the major reason that the customer terminated the contract with us. And do we expect there can be other terminates from other customers which may affect our revenue?

Shiqi Wang -- Chief Executive Officer and President

Yeah, actually this is kind of a special case. One of our key customer, which represents 2% of our revenue in 2018 was acquired by a leading Internet company one year -- one half year ago. And that -- the parent company made decision that they will host all their computing capacity in their own in-house capability. And we don't think that will be a very common kind of case for our major customer base. Thank you.

Stella Li -- Citi -- Analyst

Thank you.

Operator

We have a follow-up question from Rex Wu from Jefferies. Please ask.

Rex Wu -- Jefferies & Co. -- Analyst

Hi, Sharon. This is Rex. Sorry I couldn't hear you about answering the Chengdu M&A -- the Chengdu project and the valuation multiple for the project, IRR

Sharon Liu -- Chief Financial Officer

Okay, Rex. I will answer that question again. For the Chengdu acquisition, we acquired 500 cabinets and the IRR of that project is round of 15%, within our acceptable return range. Thank you.

Rex Wu -- Jefferies & Co. -- Analyst

And also the second question about your MRR increase, right and your overview on the Tier 1 city data center supply and demand?

Sharon Liu -- Chief Financial Officer

We estimate our MRR per cabinet remains at the same level of the second half of 2018 for the year 2019. We'll be stable at that level. Thank you.

Rex Wu -- Jefferies & Co. -- Analyst

Okay, thank you.

Operator

(Operator Instructions) We have Victor Ung (ph), a Private Investor. Please ask.

Victor Ung -- Private Investor -- Analyst

Hi, thanks for the management for the call and for opportunity for me to ask the question. So I've this question about -- on the Chengdu acquisition. So this data center are -- I mean running data center or is this a totally new data center, that's waiting for customers to move in? Thank you.

Shiqi Wang -- Chief Executive Officer and President

Victor, would you mind repeating that question? We didn't quite catch that.

Victor Ung -- Private Investor -- Analyst

Sure. I understand that 21Vianet you guys acquired a data center in Chengdu with 500 cabinets. So is this data center, like with customers almost in, or we are -- is a totally new data center that is like with no customers right now?

Shiqi Wang -- Chief Executive Officer and President

Thank you, Victor. This is Alvin here. It's -- actually this is brand new data center, which we will serve our customers in the other locations within our data center network and also we are targeting new Internet and other potential customers within Chengdu. Thank you.

Victor Ung -- Private Investor -- Analyst

Got it. Thank you.

Operator

Your next question is from Hans Wang (ph) from Huiji Capital. Please ask. Mr. Wang, your line is open, you may ask your questions.

Hans Wang -- Huiji Capital -- Analyst

Hi, management. I have two follow-up questions. One is -- I just want to double confirm that the Chengdu's project does not have any client occupied right now, right? And the second question is, can you comment on the reason behind the rise in MRR. Is that because there are more VAS service provided to the client or is that because due to the tight supply in the Tier 1 cities? Thank you.

Shiqi Wang -- Chief Executive Officer and President

As we said, my -- this is Alvin here, -- the answer, the short answer to your first question is, yes. I think there is basically there are several customer occupation today. Thank you.

Sharon Liu -- Chief Financial Officer

Yes. The Chengdu data centers is the new data center and it will be in the ramp-up period from this year and attributed to the revenue and EBITDA for 2019. I will answer your second question for MR -- as our MRR, the Q4 MRR increased slightly. It was because of the value-added service as well as the mix shift of the high power density cabinets in Tier 1 cities. Thank you.

Hans Wang -- Huiji Capital -- Analyst

Okay, thank you.

Operator

(Operator Instructions) We have another question from Rex Wu from Jefferies. Please ask.

Rex Wu -- Jefferies & Co. -- Analyst

Thank you for taking my question again. So just follow up on the mix shift to high-powered density cabinets. So after the major customer moving out are we planning to fill with these kind of more high-power density cabinets or just regular clients? That means do we see upside to our MRR for second half 2019?

Sharon Liu -- Chief Financial Officer

Hi, Rex. We will deliver the new customer -- the 5,000 to 7,000 cabinets from the end of Q3. So it's for that new delivered cabinet, they were all in the early stage and can -- although some of them are more high-density cabinets is 5 KW. But it's revenue attribution in the year 2019, it's limited. So the contribution to our MRR will be indicated in from 2020 and in the following years. Thank you.

Rex Wu -- Jefferies & Co. -- Analyst

Thank you.

Operator

We don't have any other questions as of the moment. Presenters please continue.

Rene Jiang -- Investor Relations

Hi, thank you for participating our call. If you have any further questions, please fell free to contact the company's IR or visit our IR website at ir@21vianet.com. Thank you.

Operator

Ladies and gentlemen, that does conclude our call for today. Thank you for participating. You may all disconnect.

Duration: 35 minutes

Call participants:

Rene Jiang -- Investor Relations

Shiqi Wang -- Chief Executive Officer and President

Sharon Liu -- Chief Financial Officer

Rex Wu -- Jefferies & Co. -- Analyst

Yang Liu -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

Stella Li -- Citi -- Analyst

Victor Ung -- Private Investor -- Analyst

Hans Wang -- Huiji Capital -- Analyst

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