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The first quarter included challenging weather in operations across the SkyWest system and the winter storms that continued into this quarter as well. We also faced unique challenge of a government shutdown during the quarter, which briefly disrupted our aircraft delivery and heavy maintenance schedules. Despite these challenges and a network spanning 11 hubs nationwide, we understand there is still work to do across the operation. We're very focused on our operational planning to ensure we are a durable airline and continue to deliver the product our partners and passengers have come to expect from SkyWest. I want to thank our 14,000 aviation professionals for their teamwork and focus on providing an exceptional product this last quarter.

During Q1 we repurchased $25 million in stock. $21 million of it was purchased under our new $250 million program approved by the Board in February, leaving us about $229 million in authorization remaining under this program. As we discussed last quarter, we believe there is still good opportunity for earnings growth in 2019 and 2020 with smaller, incremental flying agreements and a strong balance sheet that enables us to create innovative revenue alternatives within existing scope limitations. This includes non-flying and lease up as we demonstrated this quarter. To be clear, any leasing business we pursue is -- will be within our current platform. And as the largest operator of these assets in the world, these are business lines SkyWest is uniquely positioned to develop. To that end, we are pleased to announce today that we have entered into a conditional agreement to lease 29 CRJ700 aircraft to a domestic third party operator for a 10-year term. We expect this agreement to begin later in the year.

We intend to continue leveraging our position in the market to optimize the value of the assets within our operational scope. We also are in the fortunate position to be able to convert strong pilot (ph) availability into market opportunity and to respond quickly to our partners' needs. Pilot hiring and recruiting continues -- continued strong and is running more than 20% above last year's levels. This is another risk area (inaudible) reduced meaningfully over the last year.

On January 22, the closing of the -- on the January 22 closing of ExpressJet sale combined with these latest fleet announcements and flying contract extensions reduces our overall enterprise risk and will help us drive a healthy balance of earnings growth and cash flow generation. We remained very focused on sustainable opportunities that position us well for long-term success.

I again want to thank our nearly 14,000 aviation professionals for their excellent work during the first quarter. Rob?

Robert J. Simmons -- Chief Financial Officer

Today, we reported net income of $88 million or $1.69 per share for the first quarter of 2019. Adjusted net income for the first quarter was $69 million or $1.33 per share compared to net income of $54 million or $1.03 per share in Q1 2018. Adjusted net income for the quarter excludes $25 million of pre-tax earnings comprised of the gain on the sale of ExpressJet of $47 million pre-tax and a $22 million special item pre-tax expense that included a non-cash write-off, primarily related to aircraft manufacturer part credits forfeited to settle future lease return obligations with the manufacturer and employee separation costs associated with the sale of ExpressJet. Our effective tax rate in Q1 was 23%. We continued to expect our tax rate to be approximately 24% to 25% for 2019 as a whole.

Let me say a couple of things about our balance sheet, an important point of competitive differentiation for SkyWest. We ended the quarter with cash of $544 million, down from $689 million last quarter. Primary uses of cash in the quarter include the previously we announced immediately accretive $110 million leverage lease buyout of 52 CRJ aircraft, $90 million purchase of 16 CRJ700s and $25 million for share repurchase, offset by $50 million in cash proceeds from the sale of ExpressJet. Debt for the quarter ended at $3.1 billion, down from $3.2 billion last quarter. From where we are at the end of Q1, we would expect debt net of cash to be approximately $300 million lower by year-end.

Just a reminder that all of our debt is financing aircraft and the bulk of our $3.1 billion in debt is financing our fleet of a 147 E175s that are under flying contracts largely coterminous with the related debt. This quarter we adopted the new lease accounting standard. To give you some color on the lease standard's impact to our balance sheet, our March 31st balance sheet includes a new $342 million long-term, right-of-use lease asset and the $348 million operating lease liability, of which $73 million is classified as current.

I'd also like to point out, at the end of 2018, we had $216 million in total prepaid lease assets on our balance sheet, of which $87 million was current asset. Following the early lease buyout of the 52 CRJ aircraft, our prepaid lease asset is now $35 million at March 31st and is included in our long-term, right-of-use asset. The combination of the new lease standard and the early lease buyout impacts the comparability of our current ratio from year-end to March 31st.

Let's turn for a minute to capital expenditures. As you recall, the last few years we have invested heavily in growth aircraft for our fleet. In 2018, we spent $1.1 billion in CapEx, driven primarily by the acquisition of 39 new E175s. In 2019, we expect to deploy only half of the 2018 CapEx number, $200 million of which is for the 68 used CRJ aircraft I just mentioned from Q1 and a $120 million for five new E175s throughout 2019.

Gross CapEx for Q1 was $252 million including normal non-aircraft acquisition capital spending of $28 million in the quarter. This non-aircraft CapEx should run in the $30 million to $50 million per quarter range for the rest of the year, driven by incremental engine acquisitions later this year. With the delivery of nine new E175s expected to be spread over 2019 and 2020, we plan to invest $40 million of our own capital and raise approximately $180 million in new term debt by the middle of 2020 for these plans. We expect that by the end of 2019 our debt will be around $2.9 billion, down from where we are now because of the close to $350 million in normal annual principal payments embedded in our fully amortizing term debt, offset by approximately $100 million in new debt for the scheduled 2019 E175 deliveries. Absent any additional aircraft orders, the $3.1 billion in debt where we are right now is likely a peak. We expect that in 2019 and 2020 we will continue to de-lever our balance sheet by paying down debt in the neighborhood of $300 million to $400 million per year. We expect strong cash generation over the next couple of years that will allow us to maintain strong liquidity, de-lever our balance sheet and maintain the agility to respond quickly to any incremental market opportunities.

We feel good about how we've started the year. Last quarter we discussed that with the accretion from the leverage lease buyout completed this quarter and other leasing and contract opportunities that off the earnings per share base of $5.30 in 2018, we previously anticipated low double-digit growth of annual EPS in 2019, but we expected 2019 EPS to have a five in front of it. Well, we still expect the low double-digit growth in 2019, but considering our strong Q1 results, we can now remove the five handle caveat.

Our visibility to future cash flow gives us the confidence to continue to make disciplined investments to create shareholder value. When and if new investment opportunities come, we will be ready with a strong and liquid balance sheet. This future capital deployment could include organic growth opportunities in contract flying, pro rate flying or leasing, as well as opportunities to buy our way out of other inflexible and expensive leasing or debt structures prior to maturity. In addition to organic growth opportunities, of course, we will also continue to look at returning capital to shareholders via share repurchase and dividends. As Chip mentioned, we are striving to drive a healthy balance between earnings growth and cash flow.

Wade will now give you some color on the fleet movements and other commercial opportunities and initiatives. Wade?

Wade Steel -- Chief Commercial Officer

Thank you, Rob. I'll review our latest agreements and fleet updates that occurred during the first quarter and then discuss the implementation of these changes as well as additional opportunities. We are pleased to have secured a multi-year extension on 38 CRJ700 aircraft with American Airlines. These aircraft were previously scheduled for contract maturities later this year. Also during the first quarter, we entered into a long -- into a new long-term agreement to add two used CRJ700s to our American agreement, with service expected to launch in May.

Shifting to our Delta partnership, we have received the first of our nine new E175s as part of the nine-year agreement we announced last quarter, with four more expected this year and four in 2020. As a reminder, these aircraft will replace used CRJ900s in our Delta contract. Four of those CRJ900s will be returned to the lessor, while the remaining five will be leased to Air Canada. Continuing our dual class deliveries, we received eight of 20 new CRJ900s under our long-term Delta agreement. We expect delivery of the remaining 12 CRJ900s later this year and next.

Additionally, you may recall that we had a number of CRJ aircraft under our Delta contract set to expire this year. Last quarter we were able to extend 32 aircraft including 15 CRJ900s, 3 CRJ700s, 14 CRJ200s from this legacy Delta contract. We also extended the term on the first 19 E175s under contract with Delta from 9 to 11 years. Separately, we were able to extend 60 CRJ200s with United for an additional three years last quarter. All of these extensions cover the majority of the tail risk across our fleet.

We also continue to leverage opportunities in our leasing business. Today, we announced an agreement to lease 29 CRJ700 aircraft to a domestic third party for a 10-year term, subject to the finalization of their flying contract. We anticipate the aircraft will be placed under leases and increments from the middle of this year to the mid-2020. The majority of the aircraft will be sourced from the 30 CRJ700s from our previous ExpressJet operation. As part of the six-year lease agreement with Air Canada I discussed earlier, those five CRJ900s are expected to transition to Air Canada this quarter and next. We have also leased 16 CRJ200s to ExpressJet.

Finally, we entered into a joint venture with Regional One during the first quarter, allowing us to utilize their distribution reach to lease spare engine and airframes to third parties. SkyWest anticipates initiating transactions including the transfer of 14 engines through Regional One beginning this quarter. Of course, any leasing business will be within our existing platform as a significant and well positioned operator of these assets.

We continue to utilize our flexible fleet and platform for profitable opportunities, leveraging the unique position we've built over the past several years to enhance our model and minimize risk. We anticipate ongoing execution of these agreements will help ensure we're best positioned for the remainder of 2019 and beyond.

Okay. Operator, we're ready for our Q&A now.

Questions and Answers:

Operator

We will now begin the question-and-answer session. (Operator Instructions) The first question will come from Savi Syth of Raymond James. Please go ahead.

Savanthi Syth -- Raymond James -- Analyst

Hey, good afternoon. Is there -- it seems like most of this takes care of the CRJ700 wide tail risk. Could you talk a little bit about -- I think last quarter you talked about a lot of the contracts going through to 2020. Could you talk a little bit about kind of the durations of your various contracts and not one by one, but generally, how we should think about the longevity of some of these contracts?

Wade Steel -- Chief Commercial Officer

Yeah. Savi, this is Wade. So the contracts that we've entered into the American 38 as we said, it's a multi-year longer term type agreement that's out there. We also entered into a lease for the 29 aircraft that do have a 10-year duration on those. Those are the two new ones that we entered into the quarter. All of our E175s have original maturities of somewhere between 9 and 12 years on them. So there is a -- lot of our dual class are very long-term type agreements.

Savanthi Syth -- Raymond James -- Analyst

Maybe I can ask it in the kind of a simpler way. Just as you look at -- when you have some wide tails coming, what's the kind of the first year where you have more than just kind of one or two here and there coming up?

Wade Steel -- Chief Commercial Officer

Yeah. Now that we've entered into these agreements, we don't have any significant tail risk until 2023, 2024.

Savanthi Syth -- Raymond James -- Analyst

Perfect. Got it. And then if I might ask just another question on the pilot side. Just kind of a update there and I was just wondering if anything is kind of change in recent months or especially with all the kind of moving parts here, just kind of how you feel about your pilot levels and kind of the supply levels there?

Chip Childs -- President, Chief Executive Officer, Director

Yeah. Savi, this is Chip. It's a good question, I think -- look, as I stated in our script, our recruiting so far this year in the first quarter has probably been the best recruiting that we have seen in our history, quite candidly. We attribute that to an exceptional culture here at SkyWest as well as outstanding aviation professionals and an outstanding training department plus good opportunities for our pilots to go to some exceptional carriers after they've spent and had some good experience with us.

On the attrition side, I would say that it's very much as expected, if not even a little bit less, but pretty much as expected. So I think we've talked in previous calls, the level of effort that we put at our entire pilot pipeline that goes from new pilots learning how to fly through some of our flow through and resume review programs with our major carriers. All of that is we felt very, very comfortable with and probably feel as good as we ever have. And we're very excited about just the exceptional level of pilots that have shown interest in SkyWest and our group is just an outstanding group. So we feel very comfortable about taking that and making sure that we're meeting the needs of our partners and our passengers.

Savanthi Syth -- Raymond James -- Analyst

Got it. Thank you.

Operator

The next question will come from Michael Linenberg of Deutsche Bank.

Matt -- Deutsche Bank AG -- Analyst

Hey guys, this is actually Matt (ph) filling on for Mike.

Chip Childs -- President, Chief Executive Officer, Director

Hey Matt.

Matt -- Deutsche Bank AG -- Analyst

Last quarter you mentioned that buying out expensive leveraged leases on CRJ aircraft would yield double-digit returns. Do you see the incremental opportunities you mentioned yielding similar returns? And if so, could you give us a rough idea of the number of planes you see as potential candidates for these transactions?

Robert J. Simmons -- Chief Financial Officer

Yeah. Thanks, Matt. I think that as we I believe said last quarter as well that there were originally a couple of pockets of opportunity for this and one we got done in this quarter. The other pocket of opportunity that's out there is a little more complicated. It was a little more broadly syndicated. There are more counter parties involved in the conversation. So it's something we're definitely very interested in pursuing, but it's not something that I would expect to see completed this year.

Matt -- Deutsche Bank AG -- Analyst

Got it, thanks. And I guess as a follow-up, are you seeing any incremental cost savings or revenue opportunities following the divestiture of ExpressJet since I last heard from you? Thanks for taking my questions.

Chip Childs -- President, Chief Executive Officer, Director

Yeah. Matt, that's a great question. I think there's a couple of things relative to that. I think more specifically, there is actually a very large amount of assets that we did not sell as part of the sale of ExpressJet, mostly on the side of the CRJ700 side. And our intention with that, like we've announced is to take those assets and find ways to lease both aircraft and engines, it's a very good market for that type of stuff. So the announcements that we have said today, I think that you can kind of integrate that into somewhat of our thinking. But -- but I think it is -- it should be widely known that we sold a lot of assets with ExpressJet, but there was a quite a bit of assets that we did not sell that we're going to continue to find leasing opportunities for.

Operator

The next question will come from Helane Becker of Cowen.

Conor T. Cunningham -- Cowen and Company -- Analyst

Hey guys, it's actually Conner in for Helane. just a couple of questions on the dry leasing business. So I mean it seems like you know like a pretty decent splash here, just -- I'm just curious what you think about it long-term. Is it actually conceivable that you may look to purchase new regional aircraft with the intention of actually just doing dry leases with them and rather than operating them yourselves (ph) ?

Chip Childs -- President, Chief Executive Officer, Director

So, I think -- that's a great question because with some of the opportunities that we have seen so far with the existing assets that we have, it would have to fall within our strategic footprint of what we would like to do long term with our partners and with our existing enterprise. So if there are opportunities for us to invest in additional assets whereby we could lease those domestically or internationally, I would say that we would be open to that. I still think that we're in a phase of confident exploration right now. And as we move through that phase, we'll keep you guys updated on any other further developments, but it certainly is not out of the question that we can develop this a little bit further.

Conor T. Cunningham -- Cowen and Company -- Analyst

Is it fair to assume that the margin on that business is going to be similar to the system right now or maybe you can just give a little context to that going forward?

Chip Childs -- President, Chief Executive Officer, Director

Yeah. I wouldn't say that the margins -- you're kind of comparing apples to oranges, a little bit on that. Certainly a flying aircraft is the backbone of our business, which we certainly enjoy and would prefer to do. However, given the construct and strategic focus of where some of these assets are and how they can be utilized to help support our partnerships, we're open to evaluating that between flying and not flying them. But as of right now with the excess assets that we have, it's a very good strategic approach to lease them to other people right now.

Robert J. Simmons -- Chief Financial Officer

Matt, I'd just add to that that any time we deploy capital, we're going to do it in a very disciplined way and with return thresholds firmly in mind.

Conor T. Cunningham -- Cowen and Company -- Analyst

Great. And then just changing topics for a second. So I mean I know you guys don't fly or aren't contracted to fly the CRJ550, but just curious if you think there is actually long-term potential with that. Has anyone actually approached you about deseeding (ph) some CRJ700s. I know -- I realize that there's probably not a lot left with this -- with the new lease agreement at this point?

Chip Childs -- President, Chief Executive Officer, Director

Well, I think that the 550 is a very compelling case that we worked particularly with one of our partners. We watch it very closely. I think it's an intriguing product. I think that we are the number one owner in the world of CRJ700. So that 700 platform has a lot of flexibilities across all of our partner bases. At this point, we -- we're studying it, watching it very closely, we think it's a very good compelling case. At this time, we also have some other opportunities with CRJ700s that are equally, if not more compelling, but that doesn't mean that we don't think that that could put -- we could play a good part in that some time down the road.

Conor T. Cunningham -- Cowen and Company -- Analyst

Okay, great. Thanks guys.

Operator

The next question will come from Catherine O'Brien of Goldman Sachs.

Joyce -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst

Hi guys. This is actually Joyce (ph) on for Katie. Thank you for taking the time. And I was just wondering...

Wade Steel -- Chief Commercial Officer

Hi Joyce.

Joyce -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst

Hi. So just with the third party that you've leased the CRJ700s to, I was wondering if maybe they'd be interested in leasing further aircraft as they come on contract or if this is more of a one-time deal that you would have to find additional counterparts for if there are future (ph) leases?

Wade Steel -- Chief Commercial Officer

Yeah. Joyce, this is Wade. I think with this counterparty, I think they've fulfilled a lot of their needs. We continue to work with them on additional needs. I don't know if it will be additional aircraft or potentially helping them with some of their current fleet, but we -- we'll continue to work with this counterparty and other ones that have interest in leasing aircraft from us.

Joyce -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst

Okay, got it. And then you mentioned that that sort of guidance you had for earnings growth in 2019 of no longer having that five handle in front of it, I was wondering if that improvement was really just that extra goodness in the March quarter or if it's really these other initiatives that you're driving for the full year 2019 with the joint venture, the new leasing agreement or potential leasing agreement, if we can extend on that a bit more?

Wade Steel -- Chief Commercial Officer

Yeah. Let me answer the question this way and I think, again we're pleased about how we've started the year. But as we look at 2019 and 2020, obviously 2019 we're going to see some growth just from the timing of when we brought in some of those E175s last year. We're obviously seeing some of the economics read through already from the leveraged lease buyout that we did last quarter through some of the lease extensions, the contract extensions. We've got 12 new aircrafts scheduled to be delivered in 2019, another 12 in 2020. Obviously this new -- this new 10-year lease for 29 planes that really is more of a 2020 story, it should start to read through later in the year though. But I think it's a combination of obviously a good first quarter and some nice opportunities that we've got going into 2020 as these initiatives play out.

Joyce -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst

Okay. Thank you for that.

Operator

(Operator Instructions) The next question comes from Savi Syth of Raymond James.

Savanthi Syth -- Raymond James -- Analyst

Hey, thanks for the follow-up. Just a question on pro rate, there's clearly a lot of kind of volatility that goes on in the non-regional space and you have exposure to that, but I think your pricing and that environment is very different. So just wondering if you could talk about what you saw in the pro rate side of the business in 1Q and your expectation for size for the rest of the year?

Wade Steel -- Chief Commercial Officer

Yeah. Savi, this is Wade. So as far as pro rate, I'll first start off with just the size of pro rate. It's a little bit more than 10%, somewhere in the 10% to 12% range of our flying. So it's a very small portion of our flying. It is a little bit different than what the (inaudible) it's all domestic, it's all, it's all -- it's fairly predictable for us. The fuel side of pro rate, the fuel if you look at our P&L it was actually down $1 million. So it was actually pretty consistent year-over-year. We won't get into the specific profitability, but it's fairly consistent year-over-year and we've -- and it's a very small portion of our business.

Savanthi Syth -- Raymond James -- Analyst

That's all. But the -- so the pricing environment especially with kind of the ESA contracts and things like that that's been pretty stable?

Wade Steel -- Chief Commercial Officer

Yeah. It's been very stable for us.

Savanthi Syth -- Raymond James -- Analyst

Perfect. Thank you.

Operator

And this concludes our question-and-answer session. I would now like to turn the conference back over to Chip Childs for any closing remarks.

Chip Childs -- President, Chief Executive Officer, Director

Thank you, Carrie. Thanks everybody for joining us on the call today. Like I -- like usual, we want to continue to execute on our strategy, remain flexible to make sure we're at the very best positioned long term to have good sustainable opportunities for shareholders as well as all of our wonderful professionals here at SkyWest and we look forward to updating you again next quarter. Thank you.

Operator

The conference has now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect your lines. Have a great day.

Duration: 41 minutes

Call participants:

Robert J. Simmons -- Chief Financial Officer

Eric Woodward -- Chief Accounting Officer

Chip Childs -- President, Chief Executive Officer, Director

Wade Steel -- Chief Commercial Officer

Savanthi Syth -- Raymond James -- Analyst

Matt -- Deutsche Bank AG -- Analyst

Conor T. Cunningham -- Cowen and Company -- Analyst

Joyce -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst

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