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California has seen the biggest decline. Per community contracts declined from 10.4 in fiscal year 2017's fourth quarter to 5.8 this fourth quarter. 5.8 was still above the company average. Significant price appreciation over the past few years in California, fewer foreign buyers in certain communities, and the impact of rising interest rates all contributed to this slowdown, but California is the world's fifth largest economy with diverse job-creating industries, including vibrant technology companies, a large concentration of wealth, and a very desirable lifestyle. With our attractive coastal California land, our leading brand, and the state's constrained supply of housing, we continue to believe in our position in the California market.

Backlog in California was up 26% in value at fourth quarter end compared to one year ago. Most of this backlog will be delivered in fiscal 2019 at a projected gross margin above the company average.

There are many positive factors underpinning the broader U.S. economy that we believe are supportive of the housing sector longer term and our affluent markets particularly. Household formations are increasing. The economy is growing. The nation is experiencing the lowest unemployment rate in many decades, and consumer confidence is near an all-time high. In the past few years, many of our customers have enjoyed wealth creation through the stock market, home price appreciation, and salary increases.

Additionally, the homebuilding industry's fundamentals appear solid. New home supply remains constrained. Industrywide production of single-family homes is projected to be approximately 865,000 in 2018. This compares to 1.8 million at the last peak in 2006 and the long-term average of one million single-family homes since 1970.

Thirty-year mortgage rates remain quite low compared to historical norms and have come down a little bit in the past few weeks. And the 30-year jumbo rate is currently about 0.375% below the conforming rate. The credit policies of mortgage lenders are much more disciplined than in the last cycle. These restrictors on supply are in contrast to the last cycle, when overbuilding, easy mortgages, and buyer speculation resulted in a massive over supply when the market softened.

Equity in existing homes is at an all-time high, providing significant liquidity for current homeowners who want to upgrade to a new home. The average age of the stock of existing homes in the U.S. is nearly 40 years, its oldest ever.

As the only national homebuilder focused on the upscale market, Toll Brothers homes stand out against these older homes. We offer designs for today's lifestyle, integrated technology, energy efficiency, and ease of maintenance. As a reminder, we build comparatively few spec homes. Therefore, we are not burdened by having a large number of completed unsold homes on the market. Our average buyer add over $160,000 in structural and designer options and land premiums. On average, our homes in backlog carry a nonrefundable deposit of approximately $70,000.

For those affluent customers who choose to rent instead of buy, we have our Toll Brothers Apartment Living brand with a development pipeline of over 15,000 units. In fiscal year 2018, we recognized $56 million of pre-tax profit from this business, generating cash through property sales, recapitalizations, development and management fees. This is a great stand-alone business and even better serves as a complement to our for-sale homebuilding business.

With over $2 billion of liquidity at fiscal year end, we can pursue M&A opportunities, opportunistically acquire land that may become more attractively priced, pay down debt, and buy back stock while still maintaining a conservative and low-leverage balance sheet. We enter fiscal year 2019 with a tremendous brand, a broad geographic footprint and diverse product offerings, a well-located land portfolio in high-quality markets, substantial liquidity, and a strong balance sheet. With the broader economy healthy, we plan to continue to pursue growth as we expand and diversify the products we offer to the upscale residential market. Most importantly, we have a tremendous team of Toll Brothers associates who made fiscal year 2018's record results possible and are preparing us for a bright future.

Now let me turn it over to Marty.

Marty Connor -- Chief Financial Officer

Thanks, Doug. Before I address the specifics of this quarter, I do want to note that a reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures referenced during today's discussion to their comparable GAAP measures can be found in the back of today's release.

Compared to fiscal year 2017, our full-year net income and earnings per share rose 40% and 53% on a revenue rise of 23%. Our contracts increased 11% in dollars and 4% in units, and our backlog rose 9% in dollars and 4% in units. In fiscal year 2018's fourth quarter, net income rose 62%, and our earnings per share rose 78% on a revenue rise of just 21%.

We are pleased with our fourth quarter and full-year earnings. They exceeded our expectations in guidance, supported by growth in average delivered price, improved SG&A leverage, and favorable tax results. Q4 adjusted gross margin was strong, but came in below our guidance due to a delay in collection of some state Brownfield Cleanup credits, product mix, modest cost creep, and slightly higher realtor commissions. The improved Q4 SG&A leverage reflects increased revenue and good cost control. Our Q4 tax results were helped by reserve releases associated with settlements and statute expirations, as well as some state tax planning.

We have grown revenues at a compound average annual rate of 25% since fiscal year 2011, while maintaining a disciplined strategy of land acquisition and balance sheet management. We continue to focus on increasing the percentage of our land held in options rather than owned, and at fiscal year-end 2018, our option land represented nearly 40% of total lots controlled and owned compared to 30% two years ago.

We remain focused on liquidity, low leverage, and long-dated maturities of our debt. We ended fiscal year 2018 with a debt-to-capital ratio of 43.7% on a gross basis and a net debt-to-capital ratio of 33.2%, both compared to 41.5% and 34.5% at fiscal year 2017. Our net debt-to-capital ratio is down 690 basis points from just three months ago. We had more than $2.3 billion of untapped cash in available credit facilities.

On November 1st, we extended the maturity of our term loan to November 1, 2013; increased that facility from $500 million to $800 million; and reduced the interest rate by 10 basis points. On November 30th, we retired $350 million of 4% senior notes. Today, our weighted average debt maturity is 5.4 years. Our weighted average interest rate is 4.62%, and we have only $250 million of maturities in the next 39 months. Our book value per share at 10/31/18 was $32.57, our highest ever. It's up from $28.82 a year earlier, and it has doubled since 2012.

With a favorable liquidity position and the strength of our balance sheet, we are positioned to take advantage of land opportunities, make acquisitions, reduce our debt, or invest in our company through further share repurchases. With respect to share repurchases, we have made good progress in reducing our share count. Q4 2018's weighted average share count was approximately 149.6 million shares, down 9% from two years ago.

With the recent softening of demand that Doug mentioned, we believe we will likely see some relief on the labor front. While it is still early, we expect to see some softening on labor pricing and increased availability in some of our markets. We are actively rebidding jobs with the goal of reducing our costs. Additionally, lumber costs are much lower today than they were earlier this year. These current market conditions create a wide range of possible scenarios for our full-year results.

While we are targeting modest community count growth in fiscal year '19, we have limited our forward-looking income statement guidance to the first quarter of 2019. For that first quarter, we expect deliveries of between 1,350 and 1,550 units, with an average delivered price of between $850,000 and $880,000. We expect adjusted gross margin of approximately 23.5% and SG&A as a percentage of first quarter revenues of approximately 13.1%. We expect other income and income from unconsolidated entities of approximately $30 million and a tax rate of approximately 27.5%. Lastly, we expect our weighted average share count for the first quarter to be approximately 149 million shares.

Now, let me turn it back to Doug.

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you, Marty. Anita, we are ready for questions.

Questions and Answers:

Operator

Thank you. We'll now begin the question and answer session. To ask a question, you may press pressing * then 1 on your touchtone phone. If you're using a speakerphone, please pick up your handset before pressing the keys. To withdraw your question, please press * then 2.

The first question today comes from Stephen East with Wells Fargo. Please go ahead.

Stephen East -- Wells Fargo -- Analyst

Good afternoon, guys. Doug, I'll start with what everybody's focusing on right now, and that's the Waterfront. Could you do two things? One, talk about what you were seeing through the quarter maybe in California -- if you could parse it out a little bit for us. And the Mid-Atlantic and South slowed for the first time, so that surprised us a bit. And then, when you say November worsened, just maybe a little bit of expansion of thoughts on that, as well.

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Sure, Stephen. Let me try to cover it for the company. I think that will be most helpful. So, as we said in our release, and as I said in my prepared comments, November has shown some further softening. I just want to remind everybody that a couple years ago we got out of the business or providing specific data points on the first month of the new quarter that was leading into our calls, because it proved not to be a reliable indicator for the full-quarter results. But with that said, the trend throughout the fourth quarter was that September was better than August and October was better than September. But, I wouldn't read too much into that since that trend that I just mentioned has not and did not continue into November.

Stephen East -- Wells Fargo -- Analyst

Gotcha, OK. And as you look at California, what do you think was really driving that there? Do you think that was...How much of that do you think was the international buyers stepping away versus true fundamental demand taking a pause there?

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

So, I think there are three factors in California. There's been significant price appreciation over the last couple of years. We certainly have had fewer foreign buyers in specific communities. And then of course, layered onto that was the rise in interest rates. We sold over 10 homes per quarter last year, and we knew that was not a number could be continued. As I mentioned in my script, Northern and Southern Cal are still above the company average for sales. The foreign buyer most impacted our Orange County communities, and it certainly had a significant impact there, but it had a much -- and that's a Chinese buyer specifically -- it had much less of an impact in LA County and up around San Francisco.

Long term, we really like California. As I mentioned, it's the fifth largest economy in the world. And most importantly, we love our land holdings and the great brand we've created out there with how we've operated.

Stephen East -- Wells Fargo -- Analyst

Gotcha, OK. And then switching gears a little bit, you've got a billion dollars plus on your balance sheet. Can you help us out about how you're thinking about share repurchase in 2019? And probably more importantly thinking about your land spend and has the land market changed any, and how does it fit into two '19 land spend versus two '18 land spend?

Marty Connor -- Chief Financial Officer

Stephen, it's Marty. We always run our business for the long term. As you mentioned, we currently have a very strong balance sheet and ample liquidity, so we can afford to be patient in a market like this. We'll carefully monitor development and continually assess all our strategic alternatives, including the ones you mentioned: Debt reduction, stock buyback, land purchases or dispositions, and builder acquisitions. We're gonna be observant, diligent, and flexible. But I don't think, in light of where we are in the seasonality, you're gonna see us make many dramatic changes.

Stephen East -- Wells Fargo -- Analyst

Gotcha, OK. Thanks.

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

You're very welcome, Stephen.

Operator

The next question comes from Alan Ratner with Zelman & Associates. Please go ahead.

Alan Ratner -- Zelman & Associates -- Analyst

Hey, guys. Good afternoon. Thanks for taking my question. So, this might be a bit of continuation on the last one, but you mentioned the wide range of possibilities as far as how '19 could unfold at this point, and at the same time this is a business that requires a lot of kind of very forward-looking thinking as far as land purchases, development, pricing strategies as you open up some new communities, and it looks like you opened up quite a few this quarter and expect to grow that a bit next year. So, can you share with us a little bit kind of right now what you're base thinking is how '19 does unfold? Obviously, the guidance is -- not looking for specific guidance, but do you envision a reacceleration similar to what we saw back after the taper tantrum in '13, or are you actually maybe ratcheting back some of the land buying and personnel hiring decisions with a bit more conservatism given how far things have run on the pricing side?

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

So, Alan, it's business as usual here. We continue to buy land. We continue to look at M&A opportunities. At the same time, we are very focused on specific markets, the amount of land we have in certain markets. The underwriting of each individual land deal changes based on its location and how a specific market is performing. I'm not here to predict how long these current market conditions will continue, except to say that it just doesn't feel like a slowdown that will have a long duration because the fundamentals are strong, both with the macro U.S. economy and with the housing business. So, we will continue to do what we do well, which is to be conservative and thoughtful in our land buying, but we are absolutely still in business and still operating as we have in the past.

Alan Ratner -- Zelman & Associates -- Analyst

Thanks, Doug. That's helpful. If I could do a followup here. You made a comment, Doug, I think in your prepared remarks about the mortgage -- the quality of the mortgages being done today and how it's much better than in the prior boom period. A few weeks ago, the FHA put out their annual audit, and I know FHA is not a big part of your business, but presumably your homebuyers are selling their homes potentially to FHA borrowers, and one of the things they flagged in there was the significant increase in high DTI loans -- high back-end DTI loans and voiced some concerns about that. And we've seen similar trends at the GSEs, as well. So, have you -- I'm curious if you've looked at that data for your buyers?

Obviously, you have a lot of cash buyers, high down payments, but have you seen any uptick there that would suggest from the affordability perspective things are getting a little bit more stretched, or is there any other color you could provide just on the mortgage environment that might give you some pause or concern?

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Sure. I'm gonna hand this off to Don Salmon who runs our mortgage company. Don, why don't you just start with the percent of cash buyers, the loan to value with those that get a mortgage, and then roll right into Alan's specific question?

Don Salmon -- President and Chief Executive Officer of TBI Mortgage

We're about just short of 25% cash buyers right now, and our average loan to value across all the product lines for the year was 68%. So, that starts, I think, with a pretty strong buyer base. When you look at our ratios -- our income ratios, they've been pretty steady throughout the year. I'm looking at a chart now where there's been almost no creep at all in the ratio that the buyers -- that our buyers see. So, we also went back and last week did a little study on people who are prequalifying and the fallout rate of those, and it's virtually unchanged. There's no material change in that number at all, so there's not a material impact for us at this point.

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

FHA?

Don Salmon -- President and Chief Executive Officer of TBI Mortgage

FHA -- the question on FHA was? The percentage of our buyers? About 5% overall.

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

5% FHA.

Don Salmon -- President and Chief Executive Officer of TBI Mortgage

Yes.

Marty Connor -- Chief Financial Officer

Alan, the other thing I'd add is we've actually -- in '17, our loan to value for the year was 70%, and our cash buyer percentage was 21.8%. So, Don mentioned close to 25% cash buyers this year and a loan to value of 68%. So, our data's going in the opposite direction of the question you asked.

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

And 50% of our active adults are empty nester, move-down, Baby Boomer buyers are all cash. So, as that business grows for us, we have more cash buyers there.

Alan Ratner -- Zelman & Associates -- Analyst

Okay, great. That's really helpful. Thank you very much.

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

You're very welcome. Thanks, Alan.

Operator

The next question comes from John Lovallo with Bank of America Merrill Lynch. Please go ahead.

John Lovallo -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst

Hey, guys. Thank you for taking my question. The first one, Marty, your comments on the potential for the labor market to loosen up a bit I think is pretty encouraging, but just looking at your 1Q delivery guide, I think the midpoint would kind of imply flattish year-over-year units and about a 50 basis point decline in the backlog conversion ratio, and the high end I think would imply kind of a flat backlog conversion ratio. So, the first thing that we thought of was that maybe you were seeing some more construction delays or something along those lines. Can you help us kind of reconcile that?

Marty Connor -- Chief Financial Officer

I think it's a function of the extended backlog that has developed and timing that has developed over the course of this year. In my comments, I mentioned that that labor benefit in terms of availability and pricing, we are just starting to see the pieces of it. You're generally going to see the pieces of it start with the front-end trades and roll to the back-end trades, and our first quarter deliveries are really dependent right now on the back-end trades.

John Lovallo -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst

Okay, that's helpful. And then, this is more of kind of a higher level question here, but there's certainly a lot of talk about Amazon moving into Virginia and into Long Island City. You guys have a presence in both of these locations. How are you thinking about the potential impact over the next call it five years or so?

Marty Connor -- Chief Financial Officer

John, we're excited to have a large operation in Northern Virginia and Maryland and a large and growing apartment business in Washington DC proper. So, that aligns great with the Northern Virginia Amazon headquarters. We, of course, also have a significant presence in New York. We're not in Long Island City, but we're looking all over that area. So, I think it's going to be great for the homebuilding operation, and it's going to be great for the apartment business.

John Lovallo -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst

Okay. Thanks, guys.

Operator

The next question comes from Nishu Sood with Deutsche Bank. Please go ahead.

Nishu Sood -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst

Thank you. I wanted to ask about the demand weakness and the potential response you folks might have in terms of price. If you look historically, you folks, I think, arguably have been more cautious than your peers, obviously out of a need to protect the great brand you have and the longer backlogs you have, as well. We may not even be at the point yet where we're talking about price discounts, but if the market continues to develop this way, how should we expect your response to be kind of compared to prior cycles?

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

So, Nishu, as you know, we don't run this business quarter to quarter; we run it long term. In good markets and bad markets, we're always focused on pricing at the community level. We always, no matter what the market condition, decide what to do with incentives to generate sales. And right now, there's not much different we're doing from what we've six months ago or a year ago. Our incentives in the fourth quarter were up, I think, a modest $5,000.00. And it's also different from the auto industry where it's apparently December to Remember and lots of cars get sold and there's lots of incentivizing and deals. This is not the time of year when there's a lot of houses sold, and so we are continuing business as normal. And we will roll into the New Year and continue to evaluate community by community and make those decisions that are needed to be made to continue to sell houses.

Nishu Sood -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst

Got it. Okay. And then, second question I wanted to ask was about the fiscal '19 guidance. Your longer backlogs have traditionally given you the luxury of a little more certainty about providing guidance, and I think as far back as through the last downturn, you've had a fairly consistent pattern of providing at least a couple forms of annual guidance -- the major metrics. So, I think the lack of '19 guidance stands kind of in contrast to that. Certainly the market is nowhere near as bad as it was during the last downturn, not even close obviously. So, how should we read then, the kind of lack of -- so, some forms of guidance around '19.

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

I think we're trying to be cautious, Nishu. I think our backlog does provide you some visibility, and I think we give, in the more recent years, many more data points than we did in the past, and it was tough to come up with guidance that would address some of your desires without addressing all of your desires.

Nishu Sood -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst

Got it. Okay, thank you.

Operator

The next question comes from Jack Micenko with SIG. Please go ahead.

Jack Micenko -- SIG -- Analyst

Hi. Good afternoon. Marty, the year-over-year 1Q guidance looks pretty stable on gross. Is that mix, or is that a sign of some of that cost control or cost pressure abating some? And then, when does lumber -- the benefit of lumber come into your workflow into '19?

Marty Connor -- Chief Financial Officer

I think that Q1 guidance does not reflect the benefit of lumber yet. That will be to the late stages of the second quarter and more so in the third and fourth quarter of next year. I think mix is definitely a component of this, and some California deliveries as a benefit to that mix.

Jack Micenko -- SIG -- Analyst

Okay. And then, Doug, I guess I know the message here business as usual, but have your thoughts strategically changed at all around the multifamily side or city living and high rise? Some of the prepared comments in the past have maybe focused more on that. Just curious if any strategic shift is going on in those other businesses. Thanks.

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

We continue to look for city living opportunities. We're excited to open a very small city-living building in LA this coming year, and we have a number of other markets targeted nationwide to expand the business. We've recently opened a new building in Hoboken and then another one coming shortly in Jersey City. And we've opened a building in SoHo in the last couple of months. So, city living is still moving forward and looking to hit a bunch of different cities around the country.

We love the apartment business. We started it about five years ago, and we're now up to 15,000 plus units in various stages of development. That business started Boston down to Washington DC and has now expanded and diversified into a national business, and we will continue to grow that business. As we've mentioned many times, it is done off balance sheet with joint venture equity partners, and some of the assets we hold long term and others we sell at stabilization, and you will continue to see more of that, and I am very hopeful and confident that the apartment living business will continue to grow significantly.

Jack Micenko -- SIG -- Analyst

Okay. Thank you.

Operator

The next question comes from Susan Maklari with Credit Suisse. Please go ahead.

Susan Maklari -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst

Thank you. My first question is just you noted in your comments, Marty, that part of the gross margin pressures you're seeing are some higher outside realtor fees. Can you just give us a little more detail on what you're seeing there and how we should be thinking about that going forward?

Marty Connor -- Chief Financial Officer

I think it was pretty modest, and I think it was pretty concentrated to this particular quarter's delivery. It was driven by mix and some special volume-based incentives some of the brokers were able to achieve.

Susan Maklari -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst

Okay. And then, I just want to follow up on how we should be thinking about material prices for next year. I know lumber has come down a lot, but I guess -- as we think about maybe some of the trade dynamics that have changed here more recently, the potential for tariffs maybe rising coming off, how are you thinking about some of the input costs looking forward?

Marty Connor -- Chief Financial Officer

I think, Susan, that's part of the uncertainty we see in the environment and part of the reason we have not given a lot of guidance beyond next quarter. We have seen the threat of tariffs be greater than the actual impact of tariffs to date, but we don't know how long that may continue.

Susan Maklari -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst

Okay. Thank you.

Operator

The next question comes from Stephen Kim with Evercore ISI. Please go ahead.

Stephen Kim -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst

Thanks very much, guys. Historically, you've talked about the fact that the spring selling season really is often a misnomer and that it kind of gets going as early as January, and I was curious as to whether or not your view around your 2019 guidance we could interpret as wanting to wait until you get into sort of January and see how January shakes out before you would go ahead and set some markers down.

And then secondly, with respect to the negotiations on labor that you have ongoing, just to get some order of magnitude, should we be thinking that you may be able to have an opportunity to actually have reductions year on year in labor costs per unit or are we just simply talking about a slower rate of growth? Thanks.

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

To your first question, Stephen, yes. The spring selling season is really a winter/early spring season. I think the name spring comes from the resell market where the resells tend to kick in March/April and run through June/July. And in our business, it's Super Bowl Sunday or maybe a week before. So, call it the third week of January once everybody's back from the holidays and settled in through mid-April. And so, yes, since most homes are sold during that period of time, we have decided it is best to wait and see how that season develops to be able to provide more definitive guidance. That doesn't mean by February 1 we have a clear picture, because the month of February -- in fact, President's weekend is usually the biggest weekend of the year is when we really get probably the most clarity on where the business is.

With respect to...Marty, go ahead on costs.

Marty Connor -- Chief Financial Officer

On the cost front, I think it certainly looks like lumber-related costs will be a reduction year over year. But labor and material, I think, your comment to consider it a slowdown of increases is probably the right way to go. There may be some decreases in there in certain trades and in certain markets, but I think a slowdown of increases is the better way to phrase it.

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

And we're also hearing of a bit more availability from some trades, so that may be able to help us a bit on production cycle time.

Stephen Kim -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst

Sure, yeah. We'll take it. And then, secondly, T Select...I believe we've retired T Select, and I was curious as to whether you could comment on what your thinking may be regarding targeting a lower-price point --slightly lower-price point homes across your company and sort of the longer term view as to what the best way to target that opportunity might be?

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Sure. So, as we had told you when we first mentioned the T Select name, we were going to test it in a few markets, and we have decided, after that test, that it is best to sell all price points through the Toll Brothers name. Our sales teams were frustrated with the time they wasted in trying to explain to buyers and realtors what T Select meant, and we recognize that it can all be done through Toll Brothers without in any way diluting the great Toll Brothers name and with making the sales process better. So, we are still committed to offer communities at lower price points to primarily millennials; we'll just do it through the Toll Brothers name. Right now, 22% of our buyers are under 35 years old. So, we are in that business and it is growing, and you will continue to see a nice mix of the move-up Toll Brothers communities, the move-down Toll Brothers communities for the empty nesters, and some lower-priced, first-time communities for the millennial generation.

Stephen Kim -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst

Okay, great. Thanks very much, guys.

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

You're welcome.

Operator

The next question comes from Buck Horne -- Raymond James and Associates -- Analyst

Buck Horne -- Raymond James and Associates -- Analyst

Hey, thanks. Good afternoon. This is Buck. You mentioned website traffic remains very strong. You've had consistent conversion ratios of the buyers coming in. Just curious what your sense of demand elasticity is, maybe particularly in California? Can some of the incentives you can offer have a real effect on demand, or is it maybe more static than that? And how do you drive more people to actually physically show up at this point?

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

I will answer the end first. We drive more people by just being better than anybody else in marketing and having better model homes that everybody talks about and has to go see, and having the best website in the business and the best digital marketers, and all the things that I'm very, very proud of. And that will continue. We're really good at holding special events that drive lots of traffic and winning lots of awards finalists. Stay tuned. I just heard we're finalists on many, many awards, which is very exciting.

With respect to California and the elasticity of demand, it's just too early to tell. I talked about the time of year. We have not been aggressively chasing buyers with increased incentives. We have significant backlogs that we're working through, and I think, again, we're going to have to wait and see how the winter/spring season develops until we can give you a better answer to that.

Buck Horne -- Raymond James and Associates -- Analyst

That's great. And my quick followup here is just on thoughts around community counts as we go into 2019 and just -- I guess you alluded it would be up slightly by year-end 2019. Just wondering about the progression. Will it be fairly consistent through the year near current levels, or will be kind of a peak and a valley-type situation?

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

It will be consistent throughout the year.

Buck Horne -- Raymond James and Associates -- Analyst

Okay, perfect. Thanks.

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

You're welcome. Thank you.

Operator

The next question comes from Michael Rehaut with JP Morgan. Please go ahead.

Alad -- JP Morgan -- Analyst

Hi. This is on Alad on for Mike. My first question -- I just wanted to circle back to pace. So, pace in California, although it's still above -- or at least in the North and the South, it's still above the company average, but maybe not as much above as it has been in the past, and just sort of wondering how to think about that maybe on a more normalized basis. Is it better to think of this quarter as sort of a one-off, but pace should continue in California materially above the company average? Or is it better to think of pace in California may be coming down closer -- more in line with the company average? Thanks.

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Again, we're not in the business of predicting where the market goes. The pace in 2017, as I mentioned, was north of 10 sales at $1.5 million and up, which is pretty extraordinary for per quarter. That would be 40 sales at that type of price point. And right now, north of five is above the company average and a pace we are happy, but I will not and cannot predict where that goes. I think if you look at kind of the 2013 to 2016 timeframe for California, when California was a good market but was not certainly as hot '17, that will give you some indication of past performance for us in that market when things were good.

Alad-- JP Morgan -- Analyst

Okay, thank you. I just wanted to circle also to some of the...I think there was a question earlier -- I apologize if I missed it...In the South, we saw pretty strong order growth there last quarter, and then this quarter it came down. Any extra color you could give on what you saw maybe in Florida or Texas? That would be great. Thank you.

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Sure. Dallas had a soft quarter, which is what led that decline.

Alad-- JP Morgan -- Analyst

Same drivers, price appreciation, foreign buyers, interest rates -- anything there?

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

I'm sorry -- for Dallas?

Marty Connor -- Chief Financial Officer

I don't think Dallas has the concentration of foreign buyers in the past or currently?

Alad-- JP Morgan -- Analyst

Okay, so it mostly relates to interest rates and price appreciation. And then lastly, I just wanted to ask about margin profile of that region and if you saw any improvement or contraction in 4Q in any of the region? If you could just give some color there. Thank you.

Marty Connor -- Chief Financial Officer

Sure. I think the margins by region performed pretty much as expected, with a few being up, a few being flat, and a few being down, really driven by mix as much as anything else.

Alad-- JP Morgan -- Analyst

I think you mentioned last quarter you expected four of the six regions to improve. So, is that below kind of what you were expecting?

Marty Connor -- Chief Financial Officer

So, we came in a little bit below those expectations, as I mentioned in my introductory comments.

Alad-- JP Morgan -- Analyst

Okay, thank you.

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

You're welcome.

Operator

The next question comes from Matthew Bouley with Barclays. Please go ahead.

Matthew Bouley -- Barclays -- Analyst

Hi. Thank you for taking my questions. On the California segment, I think, Doug, you gave the comment that you continue to expect gross margins above the company average in 2019. Is there any finer point you can give on the, I guess, the direction of California margins based on what you have in the backlog today? Thank you.

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

I think the California margins have run 400 to 600 basis points above the company average, and I think the best guidance we can give you for '19 for the first quarter is that they'll continue to do so.

Matthew Bouley -- Barclays -- Analyst

Okay. Thank you for that. And then, the land and option premiums -- you mentioned the 160,000 average. Is there any sense you can give, or if you can give what that looks like I guess in the more recent orders? Any visibility into November? Basically, the trend there -- if there's any sense you can give on kind of what actions you may be taking with those premiums potentially to kind of spur sales. Thank you.

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

It's the same. But to clarify, we're talking about the decorator and structural options that the buyers choose through our process at the sales center and our design studios. And then on top of that, the individual lot premiums we charge for specific home sites that may have a special value because of views or whatever else they may have. And that number of $160,000, combining upgrades with lot premium, has not changed.

Matthew Bouley -- Barclays -- Analyst

Okay. Thanks a lot.

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you.

Operator

The next question comes from Jade Rahmani with KBW. Please go ahead.

Ryan Tomasello -- KBW -- Analyst

This is actually Ryan Tomasello on for Jade. Thanks for taking the questions. Just in city living, can you quantify how absorptions have trended in New York City in both your wholly owned and JV projects in the quarter and perhaps the past two quarters and how that compares with your expectations?

Marty Connor -- Chief Financial Officer

Sure. I think in New York City, we have relatively low inventory, and absorptions have continued to be relatively low. That's not really new. But the New Jersey city-living projects, we have seen a bit of a slowing consistent with our overall company results. We still really like the gross margin that comes out of this business and the locations.

Ryan Tomasello -- KBW -- Analyst

And are you able to quantify how the gross margin differential shook out in 2018 versus the broader company average?

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Gregg has that. Do you want to give the answer?

Gregg Ziegler -- Senior Vice President and Treasurer

Sure. City living for the full year ended up in a low 28% versus the company average.

Ryan Tomasello -- KBW -- Analyst

And then, just overall how do you view fundamentals and supply in the condo market? Are you seeing an increased use of incentives or price cuts among other projects from other developers and maybe how long do you think it will take the market to absorb the inventory levels in a market like New York City that seems to be oversupplied at the higher-end product levels?

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Our experience, as we've talked about on prior calls, is that at the higher price point and for the larger units that drive a higher price point, there is definitely some incentivizing and the market has been softer. We have repositioned our buildings so that we have smaller units that we try to keep at about $2,000.00 per square foot selling price. And at that end of the market, things are much stronger.

Ryan Tomasello -- KBW -- Analyst

Thanks for taking the questions.

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

You're very welcome. Thank you.

Operator

The next question comes from Alex Barron with Housing Research Center. Please go ahead.

Alex Barron -- Housing Research Center -- Analyst

Thank you. I was hoping to ask a few questions around the Chinese buyers in California. I was just trying to understand how they compare to I guess average buyers, particularly when it comes to financing. Are they typically more cash buyers, or are interest rates actually affecting them? That's, I guess, question number one.

Marty Connor -- Chief Financial Officer

They're more cash buyers. When they get a mortgage, it tends to be a much lower LTV. I think they are being less impacted by interest rates going up than they are impacted by their ability to invest in the U.S. due to maybe some tightening of -- or enforcement of some Chinese government policy on foreign investment.

Alex Barron -- Housing Research Center -- Analyst

Got it. Okay, that makes sense. And then another question. Do they typically tend to buy more of the specs that you guys start, or are they more build to order, or are they just kind of average on that front?

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Average.

Alex Barron -- Housing Research Center -- Analyst

Okay. And then one for Marty on interest expense. So, this year your interest through cost of goods sold was significantly higher your interest incurred as compared to 2017. So, what can we expect for 2019? Do you think the interest of the cost of goods sold is going to come down more in line with interest incurred?

Marty Connor -- Chief Financial Officer

I think you're gonna see, for the first quarter of 2019, interest in cost of sales be very consistent with interest in cost of sales from 2018.

Alex Barron -- Housing Research Center -- Analyst

Got it. Okay. Thanks so much.

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

You're welcome.

Operator

The next question comes from Ken Ling with City. Please go ahead.

Ken Ling -- Citi -- Analyst

Good afternoon. Thanks for taking my questions. Considering the solid SG&A leverage in 2018 and the encouraging projection into first quarter of '19, how much runway do you foresee in improvement, particularly in this current operating environment?

Marty Connor -- Chief Financial Officer

I think we've given you some guidance for the first quarter, and we've explained why we're not giving guidance beyond that and we're gonna leave it at that, Ken.

Ken Ling -- Citi -- Analyst

Got it. And I guess on a similar note, is there room to increase in utilization for the TIS -- the Toll Integrated Systems?

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Right now, TIS operates from Charlotte up to Boston and out to Detroit. And that is controlled by transportation and how long it takes to get the panels and trusses from the plan to the jobsite. And so, unless we find more markets within that quarter I just described, the answer would be no, it's reached its geographic capacity right now.

Marty Connor -- Chief Financial Officer

Or find some new plants to operate adjacent to our other markets. And that's something that we do look at, but nothing imminent right now.

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Correct.

Ken Ling -- Citi -- Analyst

Thank you.

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

You're welcome.

Operator

The last question today comes from Leah Samuelson with RBC Capital Markets.

Mike Dahl -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst

Hi, guys. It's actually Mike Dahl on. Can you hear me?

Marty Connor -- Chief Financial Officer

Yes, we can, Mike.

Mike Dahl -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst

Thanks for fitting me in. A couple questions. Just wanted to circle back on the absorption side, and again not trying to pin you down on a '19 number, but, Doug, you've made a few comparisons. Obviously, '17 was a really robust year across the board, and particularly in California. And then, you've talked about '16 and you've talked about kind of the period after the taper tantrum as far as things that we can look at as guideposts, but I guess I'm really trying to understand if you can give us a message around or what that message is around how you're thinking about the business from an absorption level? Because I think a year ago the comments were six months ago, current mix of business maybe produces 30 to 32 sales, something like that, finish the year at 28, those prior years quite a bit lower. So, just any additional color there.

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Mike, as I've said, I don't have that crystal ball as to where this market takes us. What I will tell you is we have the land, we have the communities opened, we have the teams, we have the brand, and we are ready and able to go get more sales and grow this company as we have in the past.

Mike Dahl -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst

Got it. Second question, just clarification. Marty, you made a comment around 4Q gross margins. You didn't get some Brownfield Cleanup credits that you expected. Could you quantify that and just let us know if that's part of --

Marty Connor -- Chief Financial Officer

So, it was $5 to $6 million. Those credits have been approved by the state in question; they just have yet to be released.

Mike Dahl -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst

Is that part of the 1Q guide?

Marty Connor -- Chief Financial Officer

It is something we expect to happen in 2019.

Mike Dahl -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst

Got it. Okay, thanks guys, and good luck.

Marty Connor -- Chief Financial Officer

Thank you.

Doug Yearley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you.

Operator

This concludes our question-and-answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to Doug Yearley for any closing remarks.

Doug Yearley

Anita, thank you very much. Thanks, everyone. We appreciate all your support and interest and wish you all a wonderful holiday season.

Operator

This conference has now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect.

Duration: 55 minutes

Call participants:

Doug Yearley -- Chief Executive Officer and Director

Marty Connor -- Chief Financial Officer

Don Salmon -- President and Chief Executive Officer of TBI Mortgage

Gregg Ziegler -- Senior Vice President and Treasurer

Stephen East -- Wells Fargo -- Analyst

Alan Ratner -- Zelman & Associates -- Analyst

John Lovallo -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst

Nishu Sood -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst

Jack Micenko -- SIG -- Analyst

Susan Maklari -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst

Stephen Kim -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst

Buck Horne -- Raymond James and Associates -- Analyst

Matthew Bouley -- Barclays -- Analyst

Ryan Tomasello -- KBW -- Analyst

Alex Barron -- Housing Research Center -- Analyst

Ken Ling -- Citi -- Analyst

Mike Dahl -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst

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